Antibodies can be classified into isotypes or classes, which are various kinds. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM are the five Immunoglobulin classes found in placental mammals. These classes are further classified into subclasses, such as IgA1, IgA2. The suffix "Ig" represents for immunoglobulin, while the prefix "Ig" stands for Immunoglobulin. The heavy chain kinds (alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, and mu) give rise to the antibodies IgA, IgG, IgD, IgE, and IgM, respectively. The portion of the heavy chain located in the hinge and Fc area determines the particular characteristics of each class. The table shows how the classes differ in terms of their biological characteristics, functional locations, and capacity to respond to various antigens.
For instance, IgE antibodies trigger an allergic reaction that causes mast cells to release histamine, which is frequently the only cause of asthma (though other pathways exist as do exist symptoms very similar to yet not technically asthma).The Immunoglobulin's Fc section (in the heavy chains) attaches to the Fc receptor on a mast cell, causing the release of molecules held in the granules, while the variable portion of the Immunoglobulin binds to allergic antigens, such as house dust mite particles.
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