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Rabies is a lethal zoonotic illness produced by viruses of the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Over the last few decades, widespread immunization efforts have effectively removed the canine version of this virus from North America and substantially reduced the prevalence of this disease in companion animals and people. Rabies Vaccine is the only immunization needed by law for domestic companion animals in the United States, and it is the only vaccine for which duration of immunity studies are required for licensure.
While 3-year Rabies Vaccine are recognized in all 50 states, some state municipalities still demand yearly or biannual rabies revaccination, despite the fact that virtually all United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) certified rabies vaccines have a minimum 3-year duration. Scientific evidence suggests that commercial rabies vaccines provide immunity for far longer than three years, and therefore vaccinating dogs against rabies three times a year, as nearly all American states prescribe, is unnecessary. Aubert demonstrated in France in 1992 that dogs were immune to a rabies virus challenge 5 years following immunization.
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