The study and construction of machinery that analyses or moves extremely small amounts of liquid, smaller than a droplet, is known as Microfluidics. Microchannel in microfluidic devices can be as small as a submicron or as large as a few millimeters. A human hair is roughly 100 microns thick, for comparison. Because precise, controlled tests can be carried out more quickly and affordably with microfluidics, this technology is being used more and more in the biological sciences. Microfluidics is used by Lab on a Chip devices for Organ on a Chip investigations and Point of Care illness testing.
Systems for Microfluidics function by utilizing a chip and a pump. Liquid is accurately moved into the chip at rates ranging from 1 L/minute to 10,000 L/minute by various sorts of pumps. A tiny water drop is about 10 microliters (L), for comparison. Microfluidic channels located inside the chip allow the liquid to be processed through mixing, chemical, or physical reactions. Small particles like cells or nanoparticles may be carried by the liquid. The microfluidic device makes it possible to process these particles, for instance, by capturing and collecting cancer cells from healthy blood cells.
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