An ultrafine particle known as a Nanoparticle has size measured in nanometers (1 nm = 109 metre). Nanoparticles are produced both naturally and as a result of human activity. Manufactured nanoparticles may find value in a range of fields, including medical, engineering, catalysis, and environmental remediation, thanks to their special material properties and submicroscopic size.
A discrete nano-object with all three Cartesian dimensions smaller than 100 nm was described as a Nanoparticles by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 2008. Nanodiscs and nanoplates are examples of two-dimensional nano-objects that are similarly described by the ISO standard as being one-dimensional nano-objects (i.e., nanofibres and nanotubes). A more technical but broader definition was, however, endorsed by the European Union Commission in 2011: a natural, incidental, or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state, as an aggregate, or as an agglomerate, and where, for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1 nm-100 nm.
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