The process of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) begins with the activation of platelets and the coagulation system in response to an injury or other trigger. This activation leads to the formation of a fibrin clot, which seals off the damaged blood vessel and prevents bleeding. In normal circumstances, this clot is then broken down by the body's natural anticoagulant system, preventing it from growing and causing problems.
In Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), however, the clot does not break down properly, and instead continues to grow. This can be due to a variety of factors, including an imbalance in the clotting system, impaired blood flow, or damage to the blood vessel wall. As the clot grows, it can partially or completely obstruct the vein, leading to symptoms such as swelling, pain, and warmth in the affected area.
If the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism, which can be life-threatening. Pulmonary embolism occurs when the clot lodges in one of the pulmonary arteries, which supply blood to the lungs. This can cause a sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and rapid heart rate. In severe cases, it can lead to shock and cardiac arrest.
